The infinitive can be used as the object of a verb. Vowa verlag pmp4 108 infinitive with or without to insert to. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Get page and check your text using a unique contextual grammar and spell checker. To understand the gerund and infinitive, you need to remember 3 rules. Sep 26, 2014 certain words cannot be used with an infinitive. After expressions with why why go out the night before an exam. The most common is the to do form of the verb, as in i want to study english, which we use after many verbs. Sir you have explained before that there is no need to differentiate if nonfinite is working as modifier or a noun, we just need to figure out correct use of infinitive infinitive phrase vs ing phrase. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you. In english, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a gerund or infinitive. Forget with the infinitive means something happens at or after a certain time.
Rules for using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives gerund the ing form of a verb which works as a noun is known as a gerund. The main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive. These verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. How to use gerunds and infinitives confusing english. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter.
Publishing house, minneapolis, 1985 describes 12 important principles or rules for. Gerunds and infinitives part 1 put the verb into the correct form. Here, we take a closer look at how these elements differ from one another. In such expressions, use a gerund, not an infinitive, after. Download gerund and infinitive list pdf down below. Especially because sometimes it can completely change the meaning of a sentence. Some systematic organizing principles have been attempted, but they are complicated and full of exceptions. English grammar rules for using the infinitive there are different types of infinitive in english. Verb forms gerunds and infinitives english grammar. English learners have difficulty with gerunds and infinitives. Take the rule that governs regular verb conjugation. They require a preposition followed by a gerund ing form. For others, we can use perfect gerund infinitive forms to express the past. An infinitive is the base form a a verb, with or without to.
Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. English esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoint presentations. Gerund the present participle ing form of the verb, e. Using verb forms as subjects when functioning as the subject of a sentence, gerunds and infinitives always use a singular verb. One just has to memorize or refer to lists such as this one. Knowing when to use a gerund and when you use the toinfinitive in english can be confusing. After the main verb, both gerunds and infinitives can be used. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use gerunds.
The gerund is formed using the ending ing walking, eating, etc. Even when the gerund or infinitive is the object of a sentence, it is common for a second object follow the gerund or infinitive because of their verb meaning. English grammar rules for using the infinitive englishat. How can we tell whether to use an infinitive or an ing form. Verbs that show emotion and the fulfillment of unfulfillment of an activity may affect the meaning depending on the choice of an infinitive or a gerund. Grammar and punctuation the farlex grammar book complete english grammar rules grammar.
Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary. Infinitives and gerunds take the place of a noun in a sentence. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules azar grammar. A gerund is the ing form of a verb that functions the same as a noun.
Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of gerunds and infinitives. English grammar gerund gerund gerund or infinitive to infinitive gerund test gerund test multiple choice basic english grammar module unit 4. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. Quiz testing english learners understanding of verbs followed by both the gerund and the infinitive with each answer explained. Whats the difference between gerunds and infinitives. When you need an action as a subject, use a gerund. The problem is that some verbs are followed not by an infinitive but by a gerund ing form. Sometimes you will be unsure if you need to use an infinitive or a gerund in a sentence. Learning how to use gerunds and infinitives in english grammar is one of the most challenging aspects of learning english. Basic rules for gerunds and infinitives tru newsroom. The gerund and the infinitive are forms of verbs that act as nouns. Jan 07, 2012 gerunds after prepositions january 7, 2012 do not use the infinitive with certain words which require a preposition followed by a gerund or an ing form. In this situation, try changing the sentence and saying what you want to say in a different way.
Nov 01, 2018 knowing when to use a gerund and when you use the to infinitive in english can be confusing. Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. However, it is only used if the time of the action expressed by the gerund is not obvious from the context. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in meaning. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. When they are used with an infinitive they refer to something that happens at or after a certain time. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives a verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a sentence. Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, with only a slight difference in the meaning as explained in part i above. Some people prefer getting up early in the morning. We usually use infinitives with to in the english language. As we saw in the verbs lesson, the infinitive is formed using the preposition to to walk, to eat, etc.
Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. But still since i want to understand exactly why and how we are using an infinitive ing thus following questions, please helpjust verify. Last of three ppts where students have to complete the verbs using the correct form, gerund or infinitive. Finally, some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with no some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the meaning changes depending to close the door. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. Passive with gerundinfinitives free download as powerpoint presentation. Nov 10, 2016 gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. A gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. If there is to between two verbs, we call it infinitive and ing added to second verb it is called gerund. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken english, whereas infinitives sound more abstract.
1041 1681 1345 1110 1405 1230 394 321 1252 551 282 1319 880 1533 193 709 464 427 67 567 592 589 1015 911 755 1017 1281 666 1454 24